DOI: https://doi.org/10.61435/jbes.2025.19960

Identification of variations in the onset of the rainy and dry seasons in Indonesia

1Department of Geophysics, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, Indonesia

3Department of Physics, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 5 Mar 2025; Revised: 4 Jun 2025; Accepted: 5 Jun 2025; Available online: 5 Jun 2025; Published: 23 Aug 2025.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

In the equatorial region, Indonesia experiences distinct wet and dry seasons influenced by monsoon. The country's agricultural sector is highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events and shifting seasonal patterns due to global warming. This study aims to analyze variations in rainfall intensity and their effects on the onset of the seasons in Indonesia from 2001 to 2022. The research used GSMaP data, focusing on the area between 6° N - 11° S and 95° - 141° E. The start of the season was determined based on rainfall criteria from BMKG. The findings reveal significant changes in the onset of the rainy and dry seasons in regions such as Sumatra and Kalimantan, with the maximum change being 8 dasarian. The study also indicates that the rainy season during the 2012-2022 period is shorter compared to the 2001-2011 period, resulting in a longer dry season. Furthermore, the maximum standard deviation is 14 dasarian, allowing the season's start to shift by up to 14 dasarian annually in certain areas of Indonesia. ENSO can influence changes in the pattern of the start of the season.  

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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