skip to main content

Salinity tolerance of Aegiceras corniculatum and Ceriops tagal in the coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan

1Graduate Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Institute of environmental studies, university of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

3College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

4 Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara 53600, Pakistan

View all affiliations
Received: 12 Jun 2023; Revised: 16 Jun 2023; Accepted: 28 Jul 2023; Available online: 2 Aug 2023; Published: 1 Dec 2023.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Indus delta with its coastal zones is the most significant coastal environment in Pakistan for mangroves and associated ecosystems. Mangrove forests are important components for maintenance of ecosystems in severe environments. The purpose of the study is to assess the mangrove species' tolerance to salinity. Aegiceras corniculatum and Ceriops tagal (C. tagal) propagules were grown in pots with sandy soil and subirrigated with 25, and 50% nitrogen-fortified saltwater for this research. The propagules were procured from the Indus delta. We raised seedlings for six months as an experiment. Aegiceras corniculatum species behaved moderately in the greenhouse, whereas Ceriops tagal's growth maximum at a salinity of 50% seawater and declined as the salinity increased. Furthermore, Ceriops tagal a non-secretor, accumulated more sodium and chloride ions while severely restricting the availability of other ions. This species might therefore be used to repair intertidal ecosystems, which frequently get freshwater. During a six-month the experimental cultivation period, and measurements were taken of the seedlings' length, weight at planting, and number of leaves. Maximum growth was observed in 50% seawater, and as the salinity increased, it became worse. Three times a week, fresh water was provided to wash away the excess salt. It has been discovered that medium and large-sized propagules function better in a greenhouse environment than small-sized ones. In order for plant seeds to successfully reproduce, the environmental conditions in which they disseminate and settle must be suitable for them. For establishment and dissemination inside the greenhouse environment, the propagules of viviparous mangrove species appear optimal.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Indus Delta; Aegiceras Cornicultum; Ceriops tagal; Salinity; Propagules; Mangroves; Ions; water relations

Article Metrics:

  1. Alongi, D. M. (2002). Present state and future of the world's mangrove forests. Environmental conservation, 29(3), 331-349
  2. Amjad, A. S., & Jusoff, K. (2007). Mangrove conservation through community participation in Pakistan: the case of Sonmiani Bay. Int J Syst Appl Eng Dev, 1(4), 75-81
  3. Aziz I, Khan MA. 2001a. Effect of seawater on the growth, ion content and water potential of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Journal of Plant Research 114: 369-373
  4. Aziz, I., & Khan, M. A. (2001). Experimental assessment of salinity tolerance of Ceriops tagal seedlings and saplings from the Indus delta, Pakistan. Aquatic Botany, 70(3), 259-268
  5. Ball, M. C. (2002). Interactive effects of salinity and irradiance on growth: implications for mangrove forest structure along salinity gradients. Trees, 16, 126-139
  6. Ball, M. C. 1988. Ecophysiology of mangroves. Trees 2:129-142
  7. Bandaranayake, W.M., 1998. Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2, 133–148
  8. Bandaranayake, W.M., 2002. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants. Wet-lands Ecology and Management 10, 421–452
  9. Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Walton M, et al. 2008. Functionality of restored mangroves: A review. Aquatic Botany 89: 251-259
  10. Cornforth, W.A., Fatoyinbo, T.E., Freemantle, T.P., Pettorelli, N., 2013. Advanced land observing satellite phased array type L-Band SAR (ALOS PALSAR) to inform the conservation of mangroves: Sundarbans as a case study. Remote Sens. 5, 224e237
  11. Duke, N. C., Meynecke, J. O., Dittmann, S., Ellison, A. M., Anger, K., Berger, U., ... & Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2007). A world without mangroves?. Science, 317(5834), 41-42. Giri, C., Ochieng, E., Tieszen, L. L., Zhu, Z., Singh, A., Loveland, T., ...& Duke, N. 2011. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observa-tion satellite data. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(1), 154-159
  12. Giri, C., Pengra, B., Zhu, Z., Singh, A., & Tieszen, L. L. (2007). Monitoring mangrove forest dynamics of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India using multi-temporal satellite data from 1973 to 2000. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science, 73(1-2), 91-100
  13. GMA (2021) The State of the World’s Mangroves 2021. Global Mangrove Alliance
  14. Gordon, D.M., 1993. Diurnal water relations and salt content of two contrasting mangroves growing in hyper saline soils in tropical-arid Australia. In: Lieth, H., Al Masoom, A. (Eds.), Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants, Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 193–216 1993
  15. Hegemeyer, J. 1997. Salt. In: Prasad, M.N.V. (ed.), Plant Ecophysiology. pp. 173–206. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New
  16. Hernandez, S., Deleu, C., Larher, F., 2000. Proline accumulation by leaf tissues of tomato plants in response to salini-ty. Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III–Sciences de La Vie–Life Sciences. 323, 551– 557
  17. Hilal, F., & Hilal, S. (2019). A study on morphological and anatomical features of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl. and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. selected from Mundrothuruth of Kollam district, Kerala
  18. Joshi H, Ghose M (2003) Forest structure and species distribution along soil salinity and pH gradient in mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans. Trop Ecol 44:195–204
  19. Khan, M.A., Ungar, I.A. and Showalter, A.M. 2000a. Growth, water, and ion relationships of a leaf succulent peren-nial halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. J. Arid Env. 45: 73–84
  20. Kirui BYK, Huxham M, Kairo J, Skov M. 2008. Influence of species richness and environmental context on early sur-vival of replanted mangroves at Gazi bay, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 603: 171-181
  21. Krauss KW, Ball MC (2013) On the halophytic nature of mangroves. Trees 27:7–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7
  22. Krauss KW, Lovelock CE, McKee KL, Lopez-Hoffman L, Ewe SML, Sousa WP. 2008. Environmental drivers in man-grove establishment and early development: A review. Aquatic Botany 89: 105-127
  23. Lee, T.M., Liu, C.H., 1999. Correlation of decreases calcium contents with proline accumulation in the marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata exposed to elevated NaCI contents in seawater. J. Exp. Bot. 50, 1855–1862
  24. Mukhtar, I., & Hannan, A. (2012). Constrains on mangrove forests and conservation projects in Pakistan. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 16, 51-62
  25. Muthukumarasamy, M., Gupta, S.D., Pannerselvam, R., 2000. Enhancement of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities by triadimefon in NaCl stressed Raphanus sativus L. Biol. Plant. 43, 317– 320
  26. Naidoo G. 1985. Effects of water logging and salinity on plant-water relations and on the accumulation of solutes in three mangrove species. Aquatic Botany 22: 133-143
  27. Oppe-Speer SCL, Adams JB, Rajkaran A, Bailey D. 2011. The response of the red mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. to salinity and inundation in South Africa. Aquatic Botany 95: 71-76
  28. Parida AK, Jha B (2010) Salt tolerance mechanisms in mangroves: a review. Trees 24:199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/ S00468-010-0417-X
  29. Pawar PR (2013) Monitoring of impact of anthropogenic inputs on water quality of mangrove ecosystem of Uran, Navi Mumbai, west coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 75:291–300. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2013.06.045
  30. Porwal, M.C., Padalia, H., Roy, P.S., 2012. Impact of tsunami on the forest and biodiversity richness in Nicobar Is-lands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands), India. Biodivers. Conserv. 21, 1267e1287
  31. Reef R, Lovelock CE. 2015. Regulation of water balance in mangroves. Annals of Botany 115: 385-395
  32. Ruet, J., Zerah, M., & Saravanan, V. S. (2009). The water and sanitation scenario in Indian metropolitan cities: Re-sources and management in Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai. ESocialSciences Working Papers, (id: 2026)
  33. Saifullah, S.M. and Rasool, F. 2000b. Mangroves of Pakistan-Iran border near the Gulf of Oman. Pak. J. Bot., 32 (1): 227–234
  34. Satyanarayana, B., Koedam, N., De Smet, K., Di Nitto, D., Bauwens, M., Jayatissa, L.P., Cannicci, S., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., 2011. Long-term mangrove forest development in Sri Lanka: early predictions evaluated against outcomes using VHR remote sensing and VHR ground-truth data. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 443, 51e63
  35. Siddiqi, N.A. 2001. Mangrove Forestry in Bangladesh. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, 201 pp
  36. Stoery, R., Ahmed, N., Wyn Jones, R.G., Taxonomic and ecological aspects of the distribution of glycine betaine and related compounds in plants .Oecologia 27, 319 1977
  37. Ungar, I.A. 1991. Ecophysiology of Vascular Halophytes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 221 pp
  38. ur Rehman, Z., & Kazmi, S. J. H. (2018). Land use/land cover changes through satellite remote sensing approach: A case study of Indus delta, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Scienc-es, 61(3), 156-162
  39. Wakushima S, Kuraishi S, Sakurai N (1994) Soil salinity and pH in Japanese mangrove forests and growth of culti-vated mangrove plants in diferent soil conditions. J Plant Res 107:39–46. https:// doi.org/10.1007/BF02344528
  40. Wang, Y., Nil, N., 2000. Changes in chlorophyll, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, glycine betaine con-tent, photosynthesis and transpiration in Amaranthus tricolorleaves during salt stress. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech. 75, 623–627

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

echo '
https://journals.aesop-planning.eu/ https://jurnal.pgsd.unipol.ac.id/ https://superbilisim.com.tr/ https://journal.pubalaic.org/
';